Connecting PIC16F877A with an LCD screen

				
					#define _XTAL_FREQ 20000000 // Define crystal frequency to 20 MHz
#include <xc.h>
#include <stdint.h> // For uint8_t data type, not used in this example, thus can be removed if needed

// Pin definitions
#define Lcd_EN RD7
#define Lcd_RW RD6
#define Lcd_RS RD5

// Port definitions
#define PORTB Lcd_Port //mapping DB0 to RB0, DB1 to RB1, etc.

// Function to send data byte to the LCD (HD44780)
void LCD_DataWrite(char dat)
{
   Lcd_Port=dat;	  // Set the data on the PORT
   Lcd_RS=1;	      // Select the Register for sending data by pulling RS HIGH
   Lcd_RW=0;          // Select Write by pulling RW LOW
   Lcd_EN=1;	      // Send a High-to-Low Pulse at EN pin
   __delay_us(10);
   Lcd_EN=0;          // set EN pin back to LOW
   __delay_ms(2);     // Add a delay to ensure proper timing, and no need for Buffer check
}

// Function to send command to the LCD (HD44780)
void LCD_CommandWrite(char cmd)
{
   Lcd_Port=cmd;	  // Set the data on the PORT
   Lcd_RS=0;	      // Select the Register for sending a command by pulling RS LOW
   Lcd_RW=0;          // Select Write by pulling RW LOW
   Lcd_EN=1;	      // Send a High-to-Low Pulse at EN pin
   __delay_us(10);
   Lcd_EN=0;          // set EN pin back to LOW
   __delay_ms(2);     // Add a delay to ensure proper timing, and no need for Buffer check
}

// Function to initialize the LCD
void LCD_Initialize()
{
    __delay_ms(15);    // 15 ms start up time, as per datasheet
    LCD_CommandWrite(0x38); // "Function set": 8-bit data, 2-line display, 5x8 font. 0b00111000
    LCD_CommandWrite(0x0C); // "Display on/off": Display on, cursor off, blinking off. 0b00001100
    LCD_CommandWrite(0x01); // "Clear Display":  Clear display. 0b00000001
    LCD_CommandWrite(0x06); // "Entry mode set": cursor increments, no display shift. 0b00000110
}

void LCD_String(const char* text) {
    int charIndex = 0;
    
    while (text[charIndex] != '\0') { //continue incrementing untill it reaches the null
        LCD_DataWrite(text[charIndex]);
        
        // Check if the text is longer than 16 characters & does not have a null on the 17th character
        if (charIndex == 15 && text[16] != '\0') {
            LCD_CommandWrite(0xC0); // Set DDRAM address to second line
        }
        
        charIndex++;
    }
}

void main() {
    // Port B is connected to data lines of the LCD (DB0 to DB7)
    TRISB = 0x00; // Set PORTB as output
    PORTB = 0x00; // Clear PORTB initially
    
    // Port D pins for control lines
    TRISD = 0x00; // Set PORTD as output, note that RD0 to RD4 are also outputs now
    PORTD = 0x00; // Clear PORTD initially

    // LCD initialization
    LCD_Initialize();
    
    // Display "Hello World!" on the LCD
    LCD_String("Hello World!");
    
    while (1) {
        // Your main program logic here
    }
}