Tunneling effect at semiconductor/oxide interfaces

Electron tunneling is a phenomenon commonly observed at semiconductor/insulator or metal/insulator interfaces, particularly when the insulating layer is thin, typically a few nanometers thick. To...

Giant (GMR) and Tunnel (TMR) magnetoresistance

Giant magnetoresistance (and later Tunnel magnetoresistance) is one of the biggest discoveries in thin-film magnetism. Within 10 years after its discovery, it was already used...

Spin-Transfer Torque: An Introductory Overview

Next to the charge, electrons also posses spins. In normal electronic circuits it is of (hardly) no use, as they are orientated randomly in non-ferromagnetic...

Micromagnetics – An overview

Micromagnetics is a field in physics that deals with the behaviour of magnetics at a sub-micrometer dimension. This theory is based on the assumption that...

The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation

To model the motion of the magnetization in the time domain, the Landau-Lifshitz (LL) equation is used. It describes the evolution in time of the...

Einstein, Politics and Science

The first world war (WWI) started in august 2014, and the German army proceeded very fast through Belgium. This rapid progression created a problem in...

History of Physics (1895 – 1945)

Physics has always been an interesting topic, but it was during a span of only 50 years that physics completely changed the world. The movie...

What are thyristors and how do they work?

In this article I will discuss what thyristors are and how they work. I will start with the semiconductor structure of a thyristor and use...