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  • A tiny light trap could unlock million qubit quantum computers
    A new light-based breakthrough could help quantum computers finally scale up. Stanford researchers created miniature optical cavities that efficiently collect light from individual atoms, allowing many qubits to be read at once. The team has already demonstrated working arrays with dozens and even hundreds of cavities. The approach could eventually support massive quantum networks with […]
  • A strange in-between state of matter is finally observed
    When materials become just one atom thick, melting no longer follows the familiar rules. Instead of jumping straight from solid to liquid, an unusual in-between state emerges, where atomic positions loosen like a liquid but still keep some solid-like order. Scientists at the University of Vienna have now captured this elusive “hexatic” phase in real […]
  • New catalyst makes plastic upcycling 10x more efficient than platinum
    Scientists are finding new ways to replace expensive, scarce platinum catalysts with something far more abundant: tungsten carbide. By carefully controlling how tungsten carbide’s atoms are arranged at extremely high temperatures, researchers discovered a specific form that can rival platinum in key chemical reactions, including turning carbon dioxide into useful fuels and chemicals. Even more […]
  • Engineers just created a “phonon laser” that could shrink your next smartphone
    Engineers have created a device that generates incredibly tiny, earthquake-like vibrations on a microchip—and it could transform future electronics. Using a new kind of “phonon laser,” the team can produce ultra-fast surface waves that already play a hidden role in smartphones, GPS systems, and wireless tech. Unlike today’s bulky setups, this single-chip device could deliver […]
  • An old jeweler’s trick could change nuclear timekeeping
    A team of physicists has discovered a surprisingly simple way to build nuclear clocks using tiny amounts of rare thorium. By electroplating thorium onto steel, they achieved the same results as years of work with delicate crystals — but far more efficiently. These clocks could be vastly more precise than current atomic clocks and work […]
  • Critical minerals are hiding in plain sight in U.S. Mines
    Researchers found that U.S. metal mines already contain large amounts of critical minerals that are mostly going unused. Recovering even a small fraction of these byproducts could sharply reduce dependence on imports for materials essential to clean energy and advanced technology. In many cases, the value of these recovered minerals could exceed the value of […]

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A pair of custom-made printed circuit board business cards displayed side by side. Each card shows traces of an NFC coil antenna, component footprints, and decorative silkscreen artwork. One card is flipped to expose the back side. The boards have rounded corners and appear to use standard PCB substrate with green solder mask and white legends.
Creating a PCB business card with NFC and QR
Why settle for a plain business card when you can hand over a working PCB? This NFC-enabled design functions as both business card and technical...
Photo of a metal rotary encoder with a cylindrical shaft and green base, set against a light gray background. The background includes faint technical graphics: a gear diagram, binary code, square-wave patterns labeled CLK and DT, and a push-button symbol.
Getting Started with Rotary Encoders
This rotary encoder guide explains how these devices translate shaft movement into digital signals. It covers encoder types, wiring, decoding, and debouncing techniques so you...
Featured image of analog layout design rules
Analog layout design rules
Matching transistor layouts is crucial for minimizing electrical variations, especially in analog and mixed-signal circuits like differential amplifiers. Proper design ensures symmetry, precision, and low...
Featured image of the operational transconductance amplifier
How to design an Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA)?
This article explains how to design an Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) in Cadence, focusing on optimizing transistor dimensions. It covers hand calculations and the gm/ID...

Prerequisits

To make it easier, I assume you have a basic knowledge of the following:

  • Basic circuitry knowledge; such as resistors, transistors, diodes, relays.
  • Basic programming knowledge in C; understand what are functions, operators, data types, and more.
  • Digital electronics, such as logic gates.

On some occasions I will explain it from scratch, but to understand everything, it is best to brush up on the basics so that you can follow the tutorials.

Required Software

For these tutorials we use Microchip’s own software package that includes:

  • MPLAB X IDE
  • XC8 Compiler
  • PICKIT3 programmer/debugger

All the tools can be downloaded at the official website of Microchip Technology

Required Hardware

The full tutorial consists of many different types of electrical components, sensors and actuators. It depends completely on your own project what you need. However, in all cases you will need a Pickit3 tool to install the software and you need at least 1 PIC16F877A microcontroller to install it on.