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  • The hidden atomic gap that could break next-generation computer chips
    A major obstacle may be standing in the way of the next generation of ultra-tiny computer chips. Researchers discovered that many promising 2D materials lose their advantages because an invisible atomic-scale gap forms when they are combined with insulating layers. That tiny gap weakens electronic performance and could prevent further miniaturization. The team says new […]
  • Stanford’s new chip boosts light 100x with surprisingly low energy
    Researchers at Stanford have developed a compact optical amplifier that dramatically boosts light signals using very little power. By recycling energy inside a looping resonator, the device achieves strong amplification with minimal noise and wide bandwidth. Its efficiency and small size mean it could run on batteries and be integrated into consumer electronics. This breakthrough […]
  • Scientists capture electrons forming strange patchy patterns inside quantum materials
    Researchers have, for the first time, directly visualized how electronic patterns known as charge density waves evolve across a phase transition. Using cutting-edge microscopy, they found these patterns form unevenly, breaking into patches influenced by tiny structural distortions. Unexpectedly, small pockets of order persist even above the transition temperature. This reveals that electronic order fades […]
  • First ever atomic movie reveals hidden driver of radiation damage
    Researchers have visualized atoms in motion just before a radiation-driven decay process occurs, revealing a surprisingly dynamic scene. Instead of remaining fixed, the atoms roam and rearrange, directly influencing how and when the decay unfolds. This “atomic movie” shows that structure and motion play a central role in radiation damage mechanisms. The findings could improve […]
  • MIT scientists finally see hidden quantum “jiggling” inside superconductors
    MIT physicists have built a powerful new microscope that uses terahertz light to uncover hidden quantum motions inside superconductors. By compressing this normally unwieldy light into a tiny region, they were able to observe electrons moving together in a frictionless, wave-like state for the first time. This discovery opens a new window into how superconductors […]
  • A lab mistake at Cambridge reveals a powerful new way to modify drug molecules
    Cambridge scientists have discovered a light-powered chemical reaction that lets researchers modify complex drug molecules at the final stages of development. Unlike traditional methods that rely on toxic chemicals and harsh conditions, the new approach uses an LED lamp to create essential carbon–carbon bonds under mild conditions. This could make drug discovery faster and more […]

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Educational slide showing a graph of a PID-controlled system’s step response. The plot displays overshoot, oscillation, and settling behavior as the process value (green) approaches the set point (blue). The image focuses on techniques for tuning PID parameters using a PIC microcontroller and MPLAB X IDE.
PID tuning methods
Rule-based PID tuning methods asssume that there is a system response that can be put into an easy mathematical description. The characteristics of this response...
Diagram of 3-phase AC systems with star and delta configurations, microcontroller
3 phase AC systems
In this article we take a closer look at the three phase power system. I will begin with giving you an overview of the differences...
Illustration of a 3-phase AC motor showing three sets of stator coils (U, V, W) around a rotor with north and south poles. A waveform graph of phase shifts for Phase 1, 2, and 3 is included. On the right, text reads "Types of AC motors – Working principle" with an MPLAB X IDE microcontroller chip visual at the bottom.
Types of AC Motors – Working Principles
Motors are primarily categorized as either AC or DC, with further classifcation based on their inherent rotation characteristics. In this article, we will commence by...
Brushless vs Brushed DC motor
Brushless Vs Brushed DC Motors: Which to choose
Motors are primarily categorized as either AC or DC, with further classification based on their inherent rotation characteristics. In this article, we will commence by...
Diagram showing two labeled stepper motor illustrations, one with rotor alignment and misalignment, and a microcontroller (PIC16F877A) with the MPLAB X IDE logo. Text reads "Controlling Stepper Motors with Microcontrollers".
Controlling Stepper Motors with Microcontrollers
The basic principle behind a motor lies in the conversion of electrical energy into rotational mechanical movement. This can manifest as either continuous or step-wise...
Diagram showing SPI communication between PIC16F877A microcontroller (master) and a slave device using SCK, MOSI, MISO, and SS lines, with MPLAB X IDE branding.
SPI for microcontrollers
In this article we will take a closer look at Serial Peripheral Interface, also called SPI. This is the third and last serial communication module...