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  • Scientists confirm one-dimensional electron behavior in phosphorus chains
    For the first time, researchers have shown that self-assembled phosphorus chains can host genuinely one-dimensional electron behavior. Using advanced imaging and spectroscopy techniques, they separated the signals from chains aligned in different directions to reveal their true nature. The findings suggest that squeezing the chains closer together could trigger a dramatic shift from semiconductor to […]
  • A tiny light trap could unlock million qubit quantum computers
    A new light-based breakthrough could help quantum computers finally scale up. Stanford researchers created miniature optical cavities that efficiently collect light from individual atoms, allowing many qubits to be read at once. The team has already demonstrated working arrays with dozens and even hundreds of cavities. The approach could eventually support massive quantum networks with […]
  • A strange in-between state of matter is finally observed
    When materials become just one atom thick, melting no longer follows the familiar rules. Instead of jumping straight from solid to liquid, an unusual in-between state emerges, where atomic positions loosen like a liquid but still keep some solid-like order. Scientists at the University of Vienna have now captured this elusive “hexatic” phase in real […]
  • New catalyst makes plastic upcycling 10x more efficient than platinum
    Scientists are finding new ways to replace expensive, scarce platinum catalysts with something far more abundant: tungsten carbide. By carefully controlling how tungsten carbide’s atoms are arranged at extremely high temperatures, researchers discovered a specific form that can rival platinum in key chemical reactions, including turning carbon dioxide into useful fuels and chemicals. Even more […]
  • Engineers just created a “phonon laser” that could shrink your next smartphone
    Engineers have created a device that generates incredibly tiny, earthquake-like vibrations on a microchip—and it could transform future electronics. Using a new kind of “phonon laser,” the team can produce ultra-fast surface waves that already play a hidden role in smartphones, GPS systems, and wireless tech. Unlike today’s bulky setups, this single-chip device could deliver […]
  • An old jeweler’s trick could change nuclear timekeeping
    A team of physicists has discovered a surprisingly simple way to build nuclear clocks using tiny amounts of rare thorium. By electroplating thorium onto steel, they achieved the same results as years of work with delicate crystals — but far more efficiently. These clocks could be vastly more precise than current atomic clocks and work […]

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Exchange interaction
Electrons prefer parallel spins due to the quantum mechanical concept of exchange energy, which lowers their system's total energy. This preference is a result of...
Educational graphic explaining ferromagnetism, showing magnetic domains, domain walls, exchange interaction versus atomic separation, and atomic orbital shapes contributing to magnetic behavior.
The basics of ferromagnetism
Magnetism is the force that is exerted by magnets when they repel or attract each other. It is caused by the motion of electric charges....
Featured image of the introduction to skyrmions
An introduction to Skyrmions
Skyrmions are a class of topological solitons discovered by Tony Skyrme in the 1960s, he used this concept to describe how subatomic particles exist as...
Diagram of the Bohr atom model with electron orbit levels labeled n=1n=1 to n=7n=7, showing Lyman, Balmer, and Paschen series, and a spectral intensity graph in the lower left.
The Bohr atom model
The Bohr model revolutionized our understanding of the atom. It proposed electrons exist in fixed energy levels, challenging classical physics. This explained the hydrogen spectrum...
Illustration of a ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy setup showing a microwave signal line, ground planes, and a ferromagnetic sample on a metal substrate, with vector directions and magnetic field labels. An inset graph displays a typical FMR absorption derivative spectrum.
Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) spectroscopy
Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) is a powerful tool for investigating magnetism in materials. By applying a microwave field and measuring its absorption, FMR reveals details like...
Illustration of spin pumping showing magnetization dynamics in a ferromagnet (F) transferring spin current into a non-magnetic layer (N), with vectors and precession visualized, and the title "Spin pumping: An Introductory Overview".
Spin pumping: An Introductory Overview
With STT, we have seen that a current can move magnetization, but the reciprocal effect is also possible, namely the generation of a spin current...